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Pap. Vindob. G. 26020, Gregory-Aland P57, is a fourth-century Greek papyrus fragment preserving the transition from Barnabas's gift to the judgment of Ananias and Sapphira in Acts 4–5.
Papyrus P136, Duke Papyrus 1377, is a sixth-century Greek Acts fragment written on both sides of a reused roll, with one text direction inverted relative to the other.
Gregory-Aland P41 is an eighth-century bilingual papyrus codex in Vienna whose eleven fragments preserve Greek and Sahidic Coptic portions of Acts 17–22.
Papyrus P48, PSI X 1165 in Florence, is an early-third-century Greek codex fragment preserving Acts 23:11–17 and 23:25–29, from Paul's night vision through the plot and Claudius Lysias's letter.
Papyrus Bodmer XVII, Gregory-Aland P74, is a seventh-century Greek papyrus codex preserving almost all of Acts and important fragments of James, Peter, John, and Jude.
Uncial 0244: Acts from the Khirbet Mird Manuscripts is the independently registered Greek New Testament witness GA 0244, controlled by its manuscript number, present shelfmark, physical form, and surviving biblical contents.
Uncial 049: Acts and Epistles at Great Lavra is the independently registered Greek New Testament witness GA 049, controlled by its manuscript number, present shelfmark, physical form, and surviving biblical contents.
PSI XVII 1654, Gregory-Aland P140, is a fifth-century papyrus codex scrap preserving Stephen’s vision and the beginning of his stoning, with several locally distinctive readings.
Yale Papyrus 1543, designated P50, is a small bifolium containing selected lines from Acts 8:26–32 and 10:26–31; cataloged as fourth/fifth century, it is now subject to a serious but unresolved modern-forgery challenge.
Papyrus P8 is an early fourth-century two-leaf codex fragment in Berlin preserving Acts 4:31-6:15, including communal sharing, Ananias and Sapphira, and the appointment of the Seven.
Papyrus P112, P.Oxy. LXVI 4496, is a fifth-century Greek papyrus codex fragment from Oxyrhynchus preserving Acts 26:31–32 and 27:6–7, from the governors' verdict on Paul to the opening stages of his difficult voyage toward Rome.
P.Oxy. LXXIV 4968, Gregory-Aland P127, comprises remains of eight fifth-century papyrus leaves of Acts and preserves a distinctive text often compared with Codex Bezae.
Papyrus P29, P.Oxy. XIII 1597, is an early-third-century Greek fragment preserving Acts 26:7–8 and 26:20. Now Bodleian MS. Gr. bib. g. 4 (P), it witnesses two separated moments in Paul's defense before Agrippa: Israel's hope in God's promise and Paul's call to repent and turn to God.
Papyrus P33 is a sixth-century Greek papyrus witness to Acts 7:6–10, 13–18 and 15:21–24, 26–32. Four Vienna fragments once divided between P33 and P58 are now catalogued as one manuscript, making this record both evidence for Acts' transmission and a case study in correcting legacy manuscript identities.
P56, Vienna Pap. G. 19918 and 19927, is a fifth- or sixth-century Greek papyrus codex fragment preserving Acts 1:1, 4–5, 7, and 10–11, including the ascension commission and promise of Jesus' return.
Papyrus P91 joins fragments in Milan and Sydney from a third-century Greek codex of Acts, preserving parts of Peter's Pentecost address and the community narrative in Acts 2:30–37 and 2:46–3:2.
Uncial 0142: A Complete Apostolos with Commentary is a separately registered physical witness to the copying and reception of Acts 18:24–28; Romans 8:31–39; James 1:1–18, identified by its own GA number, shelfmark, date, layout, and custodial history.
Uncial 097: Acts beneath a Georgian Palimpsest is a separately registered physical witness to the copying and reception of Acts 13:39–46, identified by its own GA number, shelfmark, date, layout, and custodial history.
Michigan Papyrus 1571, or P38, is a three-piece leaf from about AD 300 preserving Acts 18:27–19:6 and 19:12–16 in a distinctive text closely related at points to Codex Bezae.
Fragments of 4Q13 preserve Exodus 1–5, including a reading of seventy-five persons in Exodus 1:5 also known from the Greek tradition.
Thirty fragmentary leaves of a third-century papyrus codex once containing all four Gospels and Acts preserve an early five-book collection, important readings, and evidence for Christian book culture while neither recovering a pristine original text nor proving the narrated events.
Codex Glazier is a remarkably intact late-fourth- or fifth-century parchment book of Acts 1:1–15:3 in Middle Egyptian Coptic, retaining early binding structures and a full-page cross image.
Codex Mutinensis (GA 014) is a distinct physical witness to the material transmission and reception of Scripture, identified by its own shelfmark, date, contents, and custodial history.
Minuscule 1739: An Important Acts and Epistles Witness is a distinct physical witness to the material transmission and reception of Scripture, identified by its own shelfmark, date, contents, and custodial history.
Codex Bezae is an exceptional Greek-Latin Gospel and Acts manuscript around AD 400 whose striking readings, facing-page bilingual design, corrections, and damaged leaves document a distinctive stream of early Christian textual transmission.
Lystra's colonial coins and inscriptions document a Roman civic identity alongside Anatolian religious practice, while recent scholarship warns that a famous Zeus–Hermes inscription was neither securely found at Lystra nor a direct parallel to Acts 14.
Papyrus P53, University of Michigan Inv. 6652, comprises two third-century Greek codex leaves preserving Matthew 26:29–40 and Acts 9:33–10:1, an unusually early physical witness to both a Gospel and Acts in the same scribal hand.
The Hammat Gader synagogue yielded mosaic inscriptions honoring donors and community leaders within a formal worship building near the famous thermal complex. The texts preserve names, offices, gifts, and communal memory. The dossier connects the excavated evidence to Luke 4:15-17 and Acts 15:21 while keeping the historical claim narrower than the biblical narrative.
Excavations at Nabratein identified successive synagogue buildings and associated village remains. Architectural fragments include a Torah-shrine façade and a dated Aramaic lintel, offering both built and written evidence for the community’s long history. The dossier connects the excavated evidence to Luke 4:16-17 and Acts 15:21 while keeping the historical claim narrower than the biblical narrative.
A monumental basalt synagogue at Umm el-Qanatir preserves decorated architectural blocks and an elaborate Torah-shrine arrangement. The rural building demonstrates substantial communal investment in worship and Scripture in the Byzantine Golan. The dossier connects the excavated evidence to Luke 4:15-17 and Acts 15:21 while keeping the historical claim narrower than the biblical narrative.
Excavation at Terrassa traces a fourth-century Christian nucleus transformed after about AD 450 into a cathedral, baptistery, funerary church, parish church, residence, cemetery, and painted episcopal center.
More than two hundred cuneiform contracts associated with Yāhūdu, ‘Judah-town,’ trace Judean deportees and their descendants through land tenure, taxes, debts, marriage, inheritance, and imperial service in sixth- and fifth-century BC Babylonia.
A papyrus copy of Claudius' AD 41 letter confronts Greek-Jewish violence in Alexandria and reveals how the emperor negotiated citizenship, communal privilege, migration, and public order.
Dated bronze and presentation issues name Herod Agrippa I, map his changing territories, and place the king of Acts 12 within the closely supervised political world of Caligula and Claudius.
Letters and contracts from fifth-century BC Elephantine document Judean soldiers, families, and a sacrificial temple of YHW in Egypt, revealing a diverse diaspora community that cannot be measured only against Jerusalem’s ideals.
Excavation of the harbor city, fortifications, streets, cemeteries, and waterfront of Akko-Ptolemais establishes the port where Acts says Paul greeted believers for one day.
The planned ancient city, acropolis, monuments, and harbor geography of Rhodes anchor the island stop named between Kos and Patara in Acts 21.
A large underground Jewish cemetery in Rome with inscriptions, menorahs, and communal burial evidence. Materially documents the established Jewish communities of Rome that form the social background to Acts 28 and Paul's letter to Roman believers.
Excavation on land and underwater reveals the harbor, promontory palace, theater, entertainment district, streets, and water systems that made Caesarea the Roman administrative and maritime center repeatedly used as a setting in Acts.
Codex Laudianus is a late-sixth- or early-seventh-century Greek-Latin Acts manuscript whose bilingual sense-lines, distinctive readings, western travels, and large final lacuna document the mobile life of Acts in early medieval Christianity.
Ephesus preserves the vast theater named in Acts 19 and the excavated Artemision whose cult, civic prestige, and economy explain why challenges to Artemis devotion could provoke public alarm.
Ephesus's inscriptions independently attest Asiarchs and the city's prized neokoros, or temple-warden, status, confirming Acts 19's precise civic vocabulary without identifying Paul's unnamed friends or the town clerk.
Two surviving Greek inscriptions preserve the Temple boundary warning that foreigners must not pass the balustrade around the sanctuary. They make the accusation against Paul in Acts 21 concrete, while leaving Roman enforcement and any link to Ephesians 2 open to interpretation.
The harbor city of Miletus preserves monumental civic remains and the maritime setting where Acts locates Paul’s farewell to the Ephesian elders.
Excavations and geoarchaeology identify Patara as Lycia's major harbor and federal capital, matching the port where Acts says Paul changed ships for the voyage to Phoenicia. The site anchors the route but does not preserve the apostle's vessel, ticket, or exact transfer point.
Pisidian Antioch's veteran colony, Augustan sanctuary, monumental streets, inscriptions, and mixed Anatolian-Roman population reveal the civic and religious environment of Acts 13 without locating Paul's synagogue or proving the events of his sermon.
A submerged sanctuary with marble altars and Latin dedications to the Nabataean god Dushara documents eastern merchants inside Puteoli's harbor, illuminating the cosmopolitan port of Acts 28 without supplying evidence for its Christian community.
Roads, milestones, inscriptions, burials, sculpture, public buildings, and museum collections establish the prosperous Macedonian city whose synagogue received Paul in Acts 17.
The excavated theater and urban remains of Mytilene establish the substantial harbor city on Lesbos where Acts says Paul’s ship stopped during the return journey to Jerusalem.
Perga's gates, colonnaded streets, water channel, baths, theater, stadium, inscriptions, and sculptural programs reveal the major Pamphylian city through which Acts routes Paul and Barnabas, but no excavated monument records their visit.
The harbor and Roman-period remains of Syracuse anchor the identifiable port where Acts says Paul's Alexandrian grain ship stayed three days en route from Malta to Rome. Archaeology confirms the city and maritime setting, not Paul's precise berth, lodging, or activities during the stop.
Athens' excavated civic center, sanctuaries, monuments, and neighboring Areopagus preserve the religious and intellectual cityscape of Acts 17, while the text and topography do not securely locate Paul's speech on one exact platform.
Philippi's forum, monumental civic core, and judicial installations reveal the colonial setting in which Acts places Paul and Silas before magistrates, although the surviving bema cannot be identified as the exact platform used in their hearing.
A long Roman civic hall near Ephesus's harbor was repeatedly transformed into a cathedral, baptistery complex, and smaller church, preserving the city's late-antique Christian prominence while leaving the exact meeting place of the Council of Ephesus debated.
At Zadar, Christians reused the Roman forum’s northern edge for a fourth- to sixth-century cathedral complex with catechumeneion, mosaics, episcopal residence, and a hexagonal baptistery.
Hierapolis's eastern hill preserves an octagonal martyrium, processional route, basilical church focused on an earlier tomb, and a dense Christian cemetery, demonstrating Byzantine veneration of Philip while leaving the tomb occupant's apostolic identity unproved.
Multi-level Jewish catacombs at Venosa preserve roughly eighty Greek, Latin, and Hebrew epitaphs, menorahs, family ties, and synagogue offices, revealing a confident late antique community in southern Italy.
A converted house near Priene's western gate preserves a Torah niche, menorah reliefs, a donor mosaic, and ritual installations, documenting an organized Jewish community in Roman Asia centuries after the city's New Testament-era prominence.
Small bronze issues dated under Nero materially anchor the administrations of Antonius Felix and Porcius Festus, the successive governors in Paul's Caesarean hearings, while recording neither Paul nor his trial.
Successive synagogues beneath a later Christian basilica at Stobi, together with Polycharmos's long Greek dedication, preserve the architecture, patronage, offices, and changing religious landscape of a Jewish community in Roman Macedonia.
Dated Nabataean silver and bronze issues name and portray Aretas IV, securely establishing the long-reigning king whom Paul names while leaving the scope of his ethnarch's authority in Damascus unresolved.
The sixth-century church-floor mosaic at Madaba maps a Christian Holy Land in Greek labels and city vignettes, preserving an exceptionally detailed Byzantine Jerusalem while blending geographical knowledge, pilgrimage memory, and biblical theology.
A fragmentary Greek marble lintel from Corinth preserves the words “[Syna]gogue of the Hebrews,” independently attesting a Jewish congregation in the city.
A waterfront assembly building, benches, inscriptions, and dedications on Delos provide important—though debated—evidence for organized Jewish or Israelite life in the Hellenistic and Roman Aegean.
The excavated harbor, streets, gates, and civic buildings preserve the coastal city where Paul rejoined his companions by ship.
Augustus's victory city in Epirus preserves the urban scale, roads, harbor setting, monuments, and early Christian landscape of the Nicopolis most often linked to Titus 3:12—an identification historically plausible but not archaeologically proved.
An ornate limestone ossuary from an excavated first-century Jerusalem tomb bears a debated inscription commonly read 'Joseph son of Qafa.' Its date, elite setting, and name make a Caiaphas family connection plausible, but no priestly title proves it held the Gospel high priest.
Codex Angelicus (GA 020) is a distinct physical witness to the material transmission and reception of Scripture, identified by its own shelfmark, date, contents, and custodial history.
A remodeled building buried before Dura-Europos fell in AD 256 preserves a font and early Christian paintings shaped around baptism and Gospel interpretation, even as scholars reconsider the familiar label “house church.”
A Latin pavement inscription near Corinth's theater says that an Erastus paved the area at his own expense in return for the aedileship; whether he was Paul's city official remains a valuable but unresolved question.
Gamla preserves an early synagogue within a fortified Jewish town destroyed by Rome in AD 67, with siegeworks, weapons, coins, and a violent destruction layer.
The stadiums, starting gates, temple, dining complex, baths, and inscriptions at Isthmia recover the athletic and religious world immediately beside Roman Corinth.
Excavations at Jaffa document the long-lived port known biblically as Joppa, including Egyptian, Iron Age, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, and later occupation.
A synagogue complex and a theater seating inscription associated with Jews and theosebioi at Miletus. Provides local material evidence for a Jewish community and the contested category of God-fearers in the city where Paul met the Ephesian elders.
The synagogue at Rome’s port preserves a long-lived Jewish worship complex whose earliest phases reach into the first centuries of the Roman Empire.
The excavated settlement at Qumran preserves communal buildings, ritual baths, water systems, pottery, coins, cemeteries, and installations beside the scroll-bearing caves.
Excavated streets, theater, gymnasium, baths, harbor-city remains, and inscriptions preserve the major Cypriot city where Paul and Barnabas first preached on the island.
A mud-brick basilica at ancient Aila, founded in the late third or early fourth century and abandoned after the AD 363 earthquake, is among the earliest excavated buildings apparently designed from the outset for Christian assembly.
Excavation and survey traced the engineered harbor, canals, and port installations from which Paul and Barnabas sailed.
Michael Ballance's AD 157 civic dedication by Derbe's council and people securely locates the ancient city's territory near Kerti Höyük, while later topographic revision leaves the precise relationship between the inscription, mound, and nearby settlement centers open.
An eighth-century Latin codex in Milan preserves a damaged list discussing accepted and disputed Christian writings. Often understood as a translation of a late-second-century Greek composition, it is major evidence for canon reception, though its original language, date, and setting remain debated.
Thyatira's inscriptions preserve an unusually varied world of occupational associations, giving concrete shape to Lydia's textile trade and the economic pressures behind Revelation without proving that every guild imposed the same cultic demands.
A Greek building inscription from late Second Temple-period Jerusalem names Theodotus, a priest and synagogue leader, and says his complex served Torah reading, instruction, lodging, and water needs for visitors from abroad.