Codex Mutinensis (GA 014)

The manuscript is named from Modena, where the Biblioteca Estense preserves it under a stable shelfmark. Its modern study depends on distinguishing the original uncial portion from the much later leaves added to keep Acts readable as a book. This dossier follows the artifact from its probable production setting through named owners, libraries, dispersal, reuse, damage, or rebinding to the present shelfmark. That chain matters because a familiar nickname may derive from a collector or modern city rather than the ancient place where the book was copied. Catalog numbers, leaf counts, and repository identities are therefore treated as evidence, not administrative trivia. Modern photographs and facsimiles increase access but do not erase the difference between the original parchment, an older printed plate, and a digital surrogate. Where the early route is unknown, the record leaves it unknown instead of turning later custody into an invented excavation story. The result is a provenance account that explains both survival and loss, including why some passages are complete, fragmentary, overwritten, fire-damaged, rebound, or divided among institutions.

A fragmentary Greek parchment witness to Acts. Forty-three early leaves preserve portions of Acts 1–5, while later minuscule supplements continue other parts of the book, making the bound volume a composite rather than a single uninterrupted ninth-century production. The early majuscule leaves use one-column writing with approximately thirty lines per page. The contrast between original parchment, lost sections, and later replacement text makes the codex unusually clear evidence for conservation by supplementation rather than passive survival. The dossier reads the codex as a manufactured object: writing support, ink, ruling, columns, line count, script, quire sequence, decoration, correction, marginalia, and binding all help identify what survives. Biblical words are not detached from the page that carries them. A chapter number can reveal navigation, a lectionary sign can reveal public reading, a correction can reveal comparison with another exemplar, and a palimpsest surface can preserve two different libraries on one sheet. The selected hero image is explicitly a manuscript page or fragment from this object, with a public-domain source record; it is not a generic medieval scene. Because a single photographed folio cannot represent every hand or book in a codex, the caption identifies its limited role and the text avoids projecting that page’s condition across the whole artifact.

The display date “Ninth century AD, with later replacement leaves” summarizes palaeographic, codicological, art-historical, or documentary judgments rather than a date printed by a modern machine. Script style, page design, pigments, textual divisions, related dated hands, and custodial evidence can narrow a range, but they rarely identify a precise day of copying. The manuscript belongs to the long material transmission of Acts 5:27–32. That connection is direct at the level of preserved biblical text or sustained visual interpretation, yet chronological distance remains explicit: a medieval witness shows what a community copied and read, not the physical page first written by a biblical author. Dating also remains independent of textual quality. A later book can preserve an earlier reading, while an early fragment can contain a scribal mistake; responsible comparison weighs relationships passage by passage.