VERSE-BY-VERSE WORD STUDY

Psalms 94 Interlinear

KJV text aligned with Hebrew and Aramaic forms, Strong’s numbers, and morphology. Open any Strong’s number for its full definition and complete KJV concordance.

Psalms 94:1

O LORD God, to whom vengeance belongeth; O God, to whom vengeance belongeth, shew thyself.

O
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
LORD
יְהוָ֑הH3068 · YᵉhôvâhHebrew proper name noun
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
God
אֵ֖לH410 · ʼêlHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · construct
, to whom
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
vengeance
נְקָמ֣וֹתH5360 · nᵉqâmâhHebrew common noun · feminine · plural · absolute
belongeth; O
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
God
אֵלH410 · ʼêlHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · construct
, to whom
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
vengeance
נְקָמ֥וֹתH5360 · nᵉqâmâhHebrew common noun · feminine · plural · absolute
belongeth,
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
shew
הוֹפִֽיַעH3313 · yâphaʻHebrew hiphil imperative verb · second person · masculine · singular
thyself.
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:2

Lift up thyself, thou judge of the earth: render a reward to the proud.

Lift
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
up
הִ֭נָּשֵׂאH5375 · nâsâʼHebrew niphal imperative verb · second person · masculine · singular
thyself, thou
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
judge
שֹׁפֵ֣טH8199 · shâphaṭHebrew qal active participle verb · masculine · singular · construct
of the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
earth
אָ֑רֶץH776 · ʼeretsHebrew common noun · both genders · singular · absolute
:
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
render
הָשֵׁ֥בH7725 · shûwbHebrew hiphil imperative verb · second person · masculine · singular
a
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
reward
גְּ֝מ֗וּלH1576 · gᵉmûwlHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
to the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
proud
גֵּאִֽיםH1343 · gêʼehHebrew adjective · masculine · plural · absolute
.
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:3

LORD, how long shall the wicked, how long shall the wicked triumph?

LORD
יְהוָ֑הH3068 · YᵉhôvâhHebrew proper name noun
, how long shall the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
wicked
רְשָׁעִ֥יםH7563 · râshâʻHebrew adjective · masculine · plural · absolute
, how long shall the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
wicked
רְשָׁעִ֥יםH7563 · râshâʻHebrew adjective · masculine · plural · absolute
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
triumph
יַעֲלֹֽזוּH5937 · ʻâlazHebrew qal imperfect verb · third person · masculine · plural
?
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:4

[How long] shall they utter [and] speak hard things? [and] all the workers of iniquity boast themselves?

[How long] shall they
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
utter
יַבִּ֣יעוּH5042 · nâbaʻHebrew hiphil imperfect verb · third person · masculine · plural
[and]
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
speak
יְדַבְּר֣וּH1696 · dâbarHebrew piel imperfect verb · third person · masculine · plural
hard
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
things
עָתָ֑קH6277 · ʻâthâqHebrew adjective · masculine · singular · absolute
? [and] all the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
workers
פֹּ֥עֲלֵיH6466 · pâʻalHebrew qal active participle verb · masculine · plural · construct
of
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
iniquity
אָֽוֶןH205 · ʼâvenHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
boast
יִֽ֝תְאַמְּר֗וּH559 · ʼâmarHebrew hithpael imperfect verb · third person · masculine · plural
themselves?
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:5

They break in pieces thy people, O LORD, and afflict thine heritage.

They break in
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
pieces
יְדַכְּא֑וּH1792 · dâkâʼHebrew piel imperfect verb · third person · masculine · plural
thy
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
people
עַמְּH5971 · ʻamHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · construct
, O
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
LORD
יְהוָ֣הH3068 · YᵉhôvâhHebrew proper name noun
, and
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
afflict
יְעַנּֽוּH6031 · ʻânâhHebrew piel imperfect verb · third person · masculine · plural
thine
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
heritage
נַחֲלָתְH5159 · nachălâhHebrew common noun · feminine · singular · construct
.
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:6

They slay the widow and the stranger, and murder the fatherless.

They
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
slay
יַהֲרֹ֑גוּH2026 · hâragHebrew qal imperfect verb · third person · masculine · plural
the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
widow
אַ֭לְמָנָהH490 · ʼalmânâhHebrew common noun · feminine · singular · absolute
and the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
stranger
גֵ֣רH1616 · gêrHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
, and
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
murder
יְרַצֵּֽחוּH7523 · râtsachHebrew piel imperfect verb · third person · masculine · plural
the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
fatherless
יתוֹמִ֣יםH3490 · yâthôwmHebrew common noun · masculine · plural · absolute
.
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:7

Yet they say, The LORD shall not see, neither shall the God of Jacob regard [it].

Yet they
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
say
יֹּ֣אמְרוּH559 · ʼâmarHebrew qal sequential imperfect verb · third person · masculine · plural
, The
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
LORD
יָּ֑הּH3050 · YâhhHebrew proper name noun
shall not
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
see
יִרְאֶהH7200 · râʼâhHebrew qal imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
, neither shall the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
God
אֱלֹהֵ֥יH430 · ʼĕlôhîymHebrew common noun · masculine · plural · construct
of
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Jacob
יַעֲקֹֽבH3290 · YaʻăqôbHebrew proper name noun
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
regard
יָ֝בִ֗יןH995 · bîynHebrew qal imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
[it].
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:8

Understand, ye brutish among the people: and [ye] fools, when will ye be wise?

Understand
בִּ֭ינוּH995 · bîynHebrew qal imperative verb · second person · masculine · plural
, ye
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
brutish
בֹּעֲרִ֣יםH1197 · bâʻarHebrew qal active participle verb · masculine · plural · absolute
among the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
people
עָ֑םH5971 · ʻamHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
: and [ye]
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
fools
כְסִילִ֗יםH3684 · kᵉçîylHebrew adjective · masculine · plural · absolute
, when will ye be
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
wise
תַּשְׂכִּֽילוּH7919 · sâkalHebrew hiphil imperfect verb · second person · masculine · plural
?
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:9

He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? he that formed the eye, shall he not see?

He that
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
planted
נֹ֣טַֽעH5193 · nâṭaʻHebrew qal active participle verb · masculine · singular · construct
the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
ear
אֹ֭זֶןH241 · ʼôzenHebrew common noun · feminine · singular · absolute
, shall he not
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
hear
יִשְׁמָ֑עH8085 · shâmaʻHebrew qal imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
? he that
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
formed
יֹ֥צֵֽרH3335 · yâtsarHebrew qal active participle verb · masculine · singular · construct
the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
eye
עַ֝֗יִןH5869 · ʻayinHebrew common noun · both genders · singular · absolute
, shall he not
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
see
יַבִּֽיטH5027 · nâbaṭHebrew hiphil imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
?
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:10

He that chastiseth the heathen, shall not he correct? he that teacheth man knowledge, [shall not he know]?

He that
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
chastiseth
יֹסֵ֣רH3256 · yâçarHebrew qal active participle verb · masculine · singular · construct
the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
heathen
גּ֭וֹיִםH1471 · gôwyHebrew common noun · masculine · plural · absolute
, shall not he
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
correct
יוֹכִ֑יחַH3198 · yâkachHebrew hiphil imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
? he that
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
teacheth
מְלַמֵּ֖דH3925 · lâmadHebrew piel active participle verb · masculine · singular · absolute
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
man
אָדָ֣םH120 · ʼâdâmHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
knowledge
דָּֽעַתH1847 · daʻathHebrew common noun · feminine · singular · absolute
, [shall not he know]?
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:11

The LORD knoweth the thoughts of man, that they [are] vanity.

The
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
LORD
יְֽהוָ֗הH3068 · YᵉhôvâhHebrew proper name noun
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
knoweth
יֹ֭דֵעַH3045 · yâdaʻHebrew qal active participle verb · masculine · singular · absolute
the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
thoughts
מַחְשְׁב֣וֹתH4284 · machăshâbâhHebrew common noun · feminine · plural · construct
of
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
man
אָדָ֑םH120 · ʼâdâmHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
, that they [are]
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
vanity
הָֽבֶלH1892 · hebelHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
.
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:12

Blessed [is] the man whom thou chastenest, O LORD, and teachest him out of thy law;

Blessed
אַשְׁרֵ֤יH835 · ʼesherHebrew common noun · masculine · plural · absolute
[is] the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
man
גֶּ֣בֶרH1397 · geberHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
whom thou
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
chastenest
תְּיַסְּרֶ֣H3256 · yâçarHebrew piel imperfect verb · second person · masculine · singular
, O
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
LORD
יָּ֑הּH3050 · YâhhHebrew proper name noun
, and
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
teachest
תְלַמְּדֶֽH3925 · lâmadHebrew piel imperfect verb · second person · masculine · singular
him out of thy
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
law
תּוֹרָתְH8451 · tôwrâhHebrew common noun · feminine · singular · construct
;
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:13

That thou mayest give him rest from the days of adversity, until the pit be digged for the wicked.

That thou mayest give him
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
rest
הַשְׁקִ֣יטH8252 · shâqaṭHebrew hiphil infinitive construct verb
from the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
days
ימֵיH3117 · yôwmHebrew common noun · masculine · plural · construct
of
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
adversity
רָ֑עH7451 · raʻHebrew adjective · masculine · singular · absolute
, until the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
pit
שָֽׁחַתH7845 · shachathHebrew common noun · feminine · singular · absolute
be
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
digged
יִכָּרֶ֖הH3738 · kârâhHebrew niphal imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
for the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
wicked
רָשָׁ֣עH7563 · râshâʻHebrew adjective · masculine · singular · absolute
.
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:14

For the LORD will not cast off his people, neither will he forsake his inheritance.

For the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
LORD
יְהוָ֣הH3068 · YᵉhôvâhHebrew proper name noun
will not cast
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
off
יִטֹּ֣שׁH5203 · nâṭashHebrew qal imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
his
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
people
עַמּ֑H5971 · ʻamHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · construct
, neither will he
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
forsake
יַעֲזֹֽבH5800 · ʻâzabHebrew qal imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
his
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
inheritance
נַחֲלָת֗H5159 · nachălâhHebrew common noun · feminine · singular · construct
.
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:15

But judgment shall return unto righteousness: and all the upright in heart shall follow it.

But
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
judgment
מִשְׁפָּ֑טH4941 · mishpâṭHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
shall
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
return
יָשׁ֣וּבH7725 · shûwbHebrew qal imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
unto
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
righteousness
צֶ֭דֶקH6664 · tsedeqHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
: and all the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
upright
יִשְׁרֵיH3477 · yâshârHebrew adjective · masculine · plural · construct
in
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
heart
לֵֽבH3820 · lêbHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
shall
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
follow
אַחֲרָ֗יH310 · ʼacharHebrew preposition
it.
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:16

Who will rise up for me against the evildoers? [or] who will stand up for me against the workers of iniquity?

Who will rise
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
up
יָק֣וּםH6965 · qûwmHebrew qal imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
for me against the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
evildoers
מְרֵעִ֑יםH7489 · râʻaʻHebrew hiphil active participle verb · masculine · plural · absolute
? [or] who will stand
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
up
יִתְיַצֵּ֥בH3320 · yâtsabHebrew hithpael imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
for me against the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
workers
פֹּ֥עֲלֵיH6466 · pâʻalHebrew qal active participle verb · masculine · plural · construct
of
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
iniquity
אָֽוֶןH205 · ʼâvenHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
?
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:17

Unless the LORD [had been] my help, my soul had almost dwelt in silence.

Unless
לוּלֵ֣יH3884 · lûwlêʼHebrew conjunction
the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
LORD
יְ֭הוָהH3068 · YᵉhôvâhHebrew proper name noun
[had been] my
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
help
עֶזְרָ֣תָH5833 · ʻezrâhHebrew common noun · feminine · singular · absolute
, my
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
soul
נַפְשִֽׁH5315 · nepheshHebrew common noun · both genders · singular · construct
had
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
almost
מְעַ֓טH4592 · mᵉʻaṭHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
dwelt
שָֽׁכְנָ֖הH7931 · shâkanHebrew qal perfect verb · third person · feminine · singular
in
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
silence
דוּמָ֣הH1745 · dûwmâhHebrew common noun · feminine · singular · absolute
.
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:18

When I said, My foot slippeth; thy mercy, O LORD, held me up.

When I
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
said
אָ֭מַרְתִּיH559 · ʼâmarHebrew qal perfect verb · first person · common gender · singular
, My
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
foot
רַגְלִ֑H7272 · regelHebrew common noun · feminine · singular · construct
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
slippeth
מָ֣טָהH4131 · môwṭHebrew qal perfect verb · third person · feminine · singular
; thy
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
mercy
חַסְדְּH2617 · chêçêdHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · construct
, O
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
LORD
יְ֝הוָ֗הH3068 · YᵉhôvâhHebrew proper name noun
, held me
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
up
יִסְעָדֵֽH5582 · çâʻadHebrew qal imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
.
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:19

In the multitude of my thoughts within me thy comforts delight my soul.

In the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
multitude
רֹ֣בH7230 · rôbHebrew common noun · both genders · singular · construct
of my
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
thoughts
שַׂרְעַפַּ֣H8312 · sarʻaphHebrew common noun · masculine · plural · construct
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
within
קִרְבִּ֑H7130 · qerebHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · construct
me thy
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
comforts
תַּ֝נְחוּמֶ֗יH8575 · tanchûwmHebrew common noun · both genders · plural · construct
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
delight
יְֽשַׁעַשְׁע֥וּH8173 · shâʻaʻHebrew pilpel imperfect verb · third person · masculine · plural
my
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
soul
נַפְשִֽׁH5315 · nepheshHebrew common noun · both genders · singular · construct
.
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:20

Shall the throne of iniquity have fellowship with thee, which frameth mischief by a law?

Shall the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
throne
כִּסֵּ֣אH3678 · kiççêʼHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · construct
of
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
iniquity
הַוּ֑וֹתH1942 · havvâhHebrew common noun · feminine · plural · absolute
have
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
fellowship
יְחָבְרְH2266 · châbarHebrew qal imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
with thee, which
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
frameth
יֹצֵ֖רH3335 · yâtsarHebrew qal active participle verb · masculine · singular · absolute
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
mischief
עָמָ֣לH5999 · ʻâmâlHebrew common noun · both genders · singular · absolute
by a
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
law
חֹֽקH2706 · chôqHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
?
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:21

They gather themselves together against the soul of the righteous, and condemn the innocent blood.

They gather themselves
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
together
יָ֭גוֹדּוּH1413 · gâdadHebrew qal imperfect verb · third person · masculine · plural
against the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
soul
נֶ֣פֶשׁH5315 · nepheshHebrew common noun · both genders · singular · construct
of the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
righteous
צַדִּ֑יקH6662 · tsaddîyqHebrew adjective · masculine · singular · absolute
, and
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
condemn
יַרְשִֽׁיעוּH7561 · râshaʻHebrew hiphil imperfect verb · third person · masculine · plural
the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
innocent
נָקִ֣יH5355 · nâqîyHebrew adjective · masculine · singular · absolute
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
blood
דָ֖םH1818 · dâmHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
.
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:22

But the LORD is my defence; and my God [is] the rock of my refuge.

But the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
LORD
יְהוָ֣הH3068 · YᵉhôvâhHebrew proper name noun
is my
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
defence
מִשְׂגָּ֑בH4869 · misgâbHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · absolute
; and my
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
God
אלֹהַ֗H430 · ʼĕlôhîymHebrew common noun · masculine · plural · construct
[is] the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
rock
צ֣וּרH6697 · tsûwrHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · construct
of my
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
refuge
מַחְסִֽH4268 · machăçehHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · construct
.
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
Psalms 94:23

And he shall bring upon them their own iniquity, and shall cut them off in their own wickedness; [yea], the LORD our God shall cut them off.

And he shall
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
bring
יָּ֤שֶׁבH7725 · shûwbHebrew hiphil sequential imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
upon them their own
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
iniquity
אוֹנָ֗H205 · ʼâvenHebrew common noun · masculine · singular · construct
, and shall cut them
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
off
יַצְמִיתֵ֑H6789 · tsâmathHebrew hiphil imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
in their own
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
wickedness
רָעָתָ֥H7451 · raʻHebrew common noun · feminine · singular · construct
; [yea], the
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
LORD
יְהוָ֥הH3068 · YᵉhôvâhHebrew proper name noun
our
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
God
אֱלֹהֵֽיH430 · ʼĕlôhîymHebrew common noun · masculine · plural · construct
shall cut them
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.
off
יַ֝צְמִיתֵ֗H6789 · tsâmathHebrew hiphil imperfect verb · third person · masculine · singular
.
No direct Strong’s tag for this KJV segment.

KJV and Strong’s alignment: public-domain KJV 2006 word alignment. Greek: Maurice A. Robinson Textus Receptus morphology, public domain. Hebrew and Aramaic: Original work of the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible available at https://github.com/openscriptures/morphhb (CC BY 4.0); underlying Westminster Leningrad Codex text is public domain.