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Gregory-Aland P10 is a fourth-century Greek papyrus fragment of Romans 1:1–7, excavated from the Oxyrhynchus corpus and now preserved as Houghton Library MS Gr SM2218. Its surviving eleven-line column is direct material evidence that Paul's opening identification of himself, the gospel, Jesus Christ, and the Roman recipients was being copied in late-antique Egypt.
Papyrus P131 is a third-century Greek copy of Romans reconstructed from Oxyrhynchus fragments whose modern reunification exposed both early Pauline text and the importance of collection history.
Papyrus P118, Cologne inventory 10311, comprises four Greek papyrus fragments from a two-column codex preserving portions of Romans 15:26–27, 15:32–33, 16:1, 16:4–7, and 16:11–12; traditionally dated to the third century, its palaeographic date remains disputed.
Papyrus P94, Cairo P. Cair. 10730, is a fifth- or sixth-century Greek papyrus codex fragment preserving parts of Romans 6:10–13 and 6:19–22.
Gregory-Aland P26, P.Oxy. XI 1354, is the Bridwell Library's papyrus fragment of Romans 1:1–16. Dated around the sixth or seventh century, it preserves most of Paul's extended opening and the declaration that the gospel is God's power for salvation, offering a later independent witness alongside the earlier P10 fragment.
Uncial 0209: Romans, Corinthians, and 2 Peter beneath a Lectionary is the independently registered Greek New Testament witness GA 0209, controlled by its manuscript number, present shelfmark, physical form, and surviving biblical contents.
Augustus's victory city in Epirus preserves the urban scale, roads, harbor setting, monuments, and early Christian landscape of the Nicopolis most often linked to Titus 3:12—an identification historically plausible but not archaeologically proved.
A Greek-Latin bilingual manuscript of Paul's letters, probably copied at Reichenau and now at Trinity College Cambridge. Preserves the Pauline corpus in paired Greek and Latin and documents the Western transmission of Paul's letters.