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Papyrus P17, P.Oxy. VIII 1078, is a fourth-century Greek papyrus fragment preserving Hebrews 9:12–19. Held as Cambridge University Library Add. MS 5893, it materially witnesses a passage contrasting Christ's blood and new-covenant mediation with ritual purification, while also illustrating the care required when modern catalogue descriptions contain minor inconsistencies.
Papyrus P116, Vienna Papyrus G 42417, is a sixth- or seventh-century Greek papyrus codex fragment preserving parts of Hebrews 2:9–11 and 3:3–6, passages concerning Jesus' suffering and solidarity with humanity and his greater honor than Moses.
PSI XV 1497, Gregory-Aland P126, is a fourth-century papyrus codex fragment of Hebrews whose surviving page numbers 161–162 illuminate the large volume from which its closing exhortations came.
Berlin P. 6774, Gregory-Aland P79, is a seventh-century papyrus codex fragment preserving Hebrews 10:10–12 and 28–30 with traces of correction and reading marks.
P.Laur. IV 142, Gregory-Aland P89, is a tiny fourth-century papyrus codex fragment preserving Hebrews’ field metaphor and its appeal to Abraham, oaths, and God’s unchangeable purpose.
Papyrus P114, P.Oxy. LXVI 4498, is a third-century Greek papyrus codex fragment from Oxyrhynchus preserving Hebrews 1:7–12, where the author contrasts angels with the Son through a chain of quotations from Psalms 104, 45, and 102.
Papyrus P13 is a substantial third- or fourth-century roll of Hebrews written on the reverse of a Latin epitome of Livy, preserving parts of Hebrews 2-5 and 10-12 across fragments now divided between collections.
Uncial 0227: Abraham and the Exodus in Hebrews 11 is the independently registered Greek New Testament witness GA 0227, controlled by its manuscript number, present shelfmark, physical form, and surviving biblical contents.
Uncial 0228: Sinai and Zion in Hebrews 12 is the independently registered Greek New Testament witness GA 0228, controlled by its manuscript number, present shelfmark, physical form, and surviving biblical contents.
A late Middle Kingdom administrative papyrus records the transfer of ninety-five household servants, about forty-five identified by West Semitic names or as Asiatics, documenting people from the Levant in Egyptian servitude without identifying Hebrews or Israelites.
The earliest surviving extensive codex of Paul's letters preserves eighty-six leaves, a distinctive order with Hebrews near the front, and enough missing final space to make claims about the Pastoral Epistles possible but unresolved.
Codex Vaticanus is a fourth-century three-column Greek Bible whose early Septuagint and New Testament text anchors modern critical comparison, despite missing opening and ending leaves, overwritten ink, and an unknown early provenance.
Bronze coins of Mattathias Antigonus, the last Hasmonean king, pair Greek royal legends with Paleo-Hebrew high-priestly claims. Large denominations and the rare menorah-and-table type document the final struggle for Jewish rule before Herod without depicting a biblical event.