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Papyrus P132, published as P.Oxy. LXXXI 5258, is a tiny third- or fourth-century codex fragment whose few letters preserve parts of Ephesians 3:21–4:2 and 4:14–16.
Papyrus P49, Yale P.CtYBR 415 and 531, is a third-century Greek codex leaf preserving Ephesians 4:16–29 and 4:31–5:13; recent analysis argues it likely belonged to the same Pauline codex as P65.
P92 comprises two third- or fourth-century papyrus codex fragments excavated at Narmouthis, preserving portions of Ephesians 1 and 2 Thessalonians 1 on pages originally far apart.
A late-third-century papyrus from Oxyrhynchus preserves a Greek Christian hymn with vocal notation. Its call for the cosmos to praise Father, Son, and Holy Spirit is the earliest surviving substantial Christian song whose music can be read, though performance details remain uncertain.
Two surviving Greek inscriptions preserve the Temple boundary warning that foreigners must not pass the balustrade around the sanctuary. They make the accusation against Paul in Acts 21 concrete, while leaving Roman enforcement and any link to Ephesians 2 open to interpretation.
A long Roman civic hall near Ephesus's harbor was repeatedly transformed into a cathedral, baptistery complex, and smaller church, preserving the city's late-antique Christian prominence while leaving the exact meeting place of the Council of Ephesus debated.