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14 matches for “Deuteronomy 18”

All 14 Archaeology 11 False teachings 3

Biblical archaeology · First century BC

Papyrus Fouad 266: Early Greek Deuteronomy

Three Jewish Greek Torah rolls grouped under one inventory number include an extensive first-century BC Deuteronomy witness whose copyist left spaces later filled with the divine name in Hebrew letters.

Biblical archaeology · Mid-eighth century BC

Sefire Treaty Stelae

Three mid-eighth-century BC Old Aramaic stelae monumentalize obligations, divine witnesses, and treaty curses between Bar-Ga’yah and Mati’el, illuminating a shared Northwest Semitic covenant vocabulary without becoming a source text for Deuteronomy.

Biblical archaeology · Early first century BC

4QTestimonia: A Second Temple Scripture Collection

A single small Cave 4 sheet gathers scriptural excerpts concerning a prophet like Moses, a star and scepter, Levi's priestly blessing, and judgment on Jericho's rebuilder.

Biblical archaeology · Middle Bronze Age, about eighteenth–seventeenth century BC

Hazor Liver Divination Models

Clay liver fragments excavated at Hazor carry modeled features and Akkadian omen language, directly documenting learned divination and western cuneiform culture at the great Middle Bronze city while remaining centuries earlier than the biblical conquest narratives.

Biblical archaeology · 5th–7th centuries AD

Rehob Synagogue Halakhic Mosaic

The Rehob synagogue mosaic preserves the longest ancient Hebrew synagogue inscription, regulating tithes, sabbatical-year produce, and the agricultural boundaries of the land.

Biblical archaeology · composition often dated around the third to second century BC; surviving Qumran copies second to first century BC

The Aramaic Levi Document

Fragments from Qumran and the Cairo Geniza preserve an early Jewish work that retells Levi's elevation and gives detailed priestly instruction. Its multiple witnesses reveal how Second Temple writers developed biblical priesthood traditions, but it is not a lost biblical book or a verbatim historical testament by Levi.

Biblical archaeology · usually assigned to the 7th or 6th century BC, if ancient

The Arslan Tash Incantation Amulets

Two small inscribed limestone plaques reportedly from ancient Hadatu preserve Northwest Semitic protective incantations and demon imagery. Their language offers comparative context for biblical night terrors and household protection, but their unexcavated provenance and debated authenticity must remain central.

Biblical archaeology · Iron Age II; principal sanctuary phases approximately ninth–eighth centuries BC

The Judahite Temple at Arad

A small Iron Age shrine inside Arad’s Judahite fortress preserves an altar court, broad-room sanctuary, standing stones, and two incense altars whose residues reveal frankincense and cannabis before deliberate cultic closure.

Biblical archaeology · Late eighth–early seventh century BC

The Khirbet el-Qom Inscription

A difficult late-eighth- or early-seventh-century BC tomb graffito blesses Uriyahu by Yahweh and invokes the much-debated phrase ‘his asherah,’ offering rare evidence for personal Judahite religion while resisting any simple reconstruction of what the writer believed.

Biblical archaeology · Late ninth–early eighth century BC

The Kuntillet Ajrud Inscriptions

Ink inscriptions and drawings from a short-lived eighth-century desert station invoke ‘Yahweh of Samaria,’ ‘Yahweh of Teman,’ and ‘his asherah.’ They expose regional Yahwistic blessing practices while leaving the identity of asherah, the function of the site, and the relation of nearby images contested.

Biblical archaeology · Original composition about 2100 BC; surviving copies chiefly Old Babylonian

The Laws of Ur-Nammu

Damaged Sumerian tablets preserve the earliest substantially surviving royal law collection, placing biblical case laws within a much older Mesopotamian tradition of justice, compensation, and calibrated penalties.

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