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P.Oxy. LXXII 4845, Gregory-Aland P124, is a sixth-century papyrus codex fragment preserving Paul’s appeal against rival preaching and his defense of preaching without financial burden to Corinth.
Papyrus P117, Hamburg inventory NS 1002, is a fourth- or fifth-century Greek papyrus codex fragment preserving parts of 2 Corinthians 7:6–11, Paul's account of Titus' arrival, the Corinthians' grief, and the distinction between godly and worldly sorrow.
Papyrus P11 is a highly fragmented sixth-century Greek codex in Saint Petersburg preserving portions of 1 Corinthians 1-7, an unusually broad but broken witness to Paul's teaching on the cross, church conflict, holiness, and marriage.
Papyrus P34 is a seventh-century Greek papyrus fragment from a Pauline manuscript, held in Vienna as P.Vindob. G 39784. It preserves 1 Corinthians 16:4–7, 10 and 2 Corinthians 5:18–21; 10:13–14; 11:2, 4, 6–7, joining practical travel instructions, reconciliation theology, and Paul's contested ministry.
Uncial 0209: Romans, Corinthians, and 2 Peter beneath a Lectionary is the independently registered Greek New Testament witness GA 0209, controlled by its manuscript number, present shelfmark, physical form, and surviving biblical contents.
Uncial 098: A Grottaferrata Fragment of 2 Corinthians is the independently registered Greek New Testament witness GA 098, controlled by its manuscript number, present shelfmark, physical form, and surviving biblical contents.
Uncial 0121a: Pauline Fragments Written in Red Ink is a separately registered physical witness to the copying and reception of 1 Corinthians 15:52–58; 2 Corinthians 1:1–15; 2 Corinthians 11:1–15, identified by its own GA number, shelfmark, date, layout, and custodial history.
Fragments of an imperial letter from Delphi name Gallio as proconsul of Achaia. Because Claudius's titulature dates the letter closely, the inscription supplies the strongest external chronological anchor for Paul's Corinthian ministry in Acts 18 without mentioning Paul or the hearing itself.
A Greek-Latin bilingual manuscript of Paul's letters, probably copied at Reichenau and now at Trinity College Cambridge. Preserves the Pauline corpus in paired Greek and Latin and documents the Western transmission of Paul's letters.
Dated Nabataean silver and bronze issues name and portray Aretas IV, securely establishing the long-reigning king whom Paul names while leaving the scope of his ethnarch's authority in Damascus unresolved.
Corinth's healing sanctuary, dining rooms, springs, and terracotta body-part offerings reveal how illness, healing, social status, and the human body were publicly represented in Paul's city.
Copied in Damascus in AD 867, Sinai Arabic 151 transmits Paul's letters, Acts, and the Catholic Epistles in Arabic with commentary and dense reader interventions, anchoring the early history of the Arabic Bible.
The Water Newton hoard combines fourth-century silver vessels, votive plaques, Christian monograms, and named dedications, securely revealing a wealthy Christian community in Roman Britain while leaving the objects' precise liturgical functions unresolved.